Bandung is a popular tourist destination in Indonesia and a gateway for tourists who visit destinations around greater Bandung areas. Currently, Bandung is also known as a culinary, shopping, and nature tourism destination. Past studies have measured the image of Bandung as a tourist destination. However, the measurements were done partially due to the use of quantitative method only. Thus, the results were not comprehensive. To resolve the drawbacks of the previous studies, this study used both qualitative and quantitative approaches. Data were collected from 430 domestic tourists by ways of structured and unstructured interviews in 20 different destinations in Bandung and the surrounding. Data were processed by descriptive statistical methods, factor analysis and content analysis. The results of quantitative analysis show that, in term of functional-attribute, Bandung was positively perceived as a destination characterized with natural scenic beauty, many interesting places, and various exotic foods. In terms of the psychological-attribute, Bandung was perceived as the right place for shopping and culinary tourism. The results of qualitative analysis indicate that, functionally, Bandung was a destination with natural scenic beauty, pleasant weather and provide various exotic foods. Psychologically, the tourists experienced calm and tranquil atmosphere, happiness, and comfort. To read the full-text of this research, you can request a copy directly from the authors.... This study is conducted in Bandung, the capital of West Java, Indonesia [3]. In addition, Bandung is one of the popular tourist destinations in Indonesia that attracts domestic and foreign tourists [4]. According to [5], besides being a big city, Bandung also benefits from its position as the provincial capital, the first and foremost distribution point for food, including agricultural processed products, where around 90% of food needs are supplied from outside the region. ...... The number of requests for products in City that are fulfilled by red zone LFH in City , ∈ ℝ[0,1], ∀ ∈ , ∈ , ∈ , ⊂ , . 2 A variable that determines how many products' distribution of products must be done from producers in the green zone to LFH in the red zone . 4 A variable that determines how many times the distribution of products must be done from LFH in the green zone to consumers in the red zone . 1 A variable that determines the number of times the distribution of product must be completed from producers in the red zone to LFH in the green zone . 3 A variable that determines the number of times the distribution of product must be completed from LFH in the red zone to consumers in the green zone ...Athaya Zahrani Irmansyah Diah ChaeraniEndang RusyamanCoronavirus disease, commonly called Covid-19, is a virus that causes a pandemic in almost every country globally. One of those countries is Indonesia, which has many big cities with dense populations. This study was conducted in Bandung, the capital of West Java, Indonesia. As a result of the Covid-19 pandemic, Bandung was seriously affected in various ways. One was the disruption in the distribution of the agricultural processed products supply chain, which changes producers and consumers' behaviour. Furthermore, as an effort by the government to break the spread of the virus, health protocols limit the distribution. The purpose of this study is to design an optimization model for the supply chain problem of agricultural processed products in Bandung during the Covid-19 period with the objective function is maximizing product suppliers so that all demands on consumers are fulfilled. The use of Local Food Hub LFH is a help in this research as a distribution centre point between the producer zone and the consumer zone. Finally, numerical experiments were carried out in two scenarios, namely Large-scale Social Distancing LSD and Partial Social Distancing PSD. It was found that the optimal distribution solution was obtained if the PSD scenario was applied.... Bandung has a variety of tourist destination images, such as culinary tourism, shopping tourism, and nature tourism [8]. So that Bandung has a diverse image as a tourist destination city, because of that Bandung has become a trending topic of travel in social media networking, the number of posts about bandung in Instagram media, there are a lot of accounts and the number of related posts, this becomes interesting. ...... Cognitive imagery refers to beliefs and knowledge of the attributes of a tourist destination. Whereas affective images refer to emotions or feelings inherent in a tourist destination [8]. ...Social Media Networking is a platform that has recently become the main media in information retrieval, digital use is easy to access for anyone, anywhere. Tourism is one of the industries that use this media platform to increase tourists visits. Bandung is one of the favorite tourist destinations, many social media users who post information, comment, review and ask fellow netizen, thus it will appear a destination image of Bandung that impacting visits. The data were collected from 195 respondents. The hypotheses were examined using Partial Least Square This research discloses that electronic word of mouth e-wom on social media networks can influence the image of the destination and have an impact on the revisit intention of the tourism destination. The research findings show that the construct of E-Wom on social media Instagram has a direct effect to revisit intention, but the effect is greater when through the destination image. This research provides input and a better understanding for researchers and practitioners of the tourism industry on how to develop tourism revisit from enhancing destination image and keep the positive e-Wom on Instagram.... Destination image literature shows that research on the image of cities as tourist destinations has started for the last two decades with Hong Kong [1], Singapore [2] and Bandung [3] as a tourist destination. However, to the best of the author's knowledge, empirical research on the image of Cirebon as a tourist destination has been lacking. ... Agustinus FebruadiTjetjep DjatnikaCirebon has a variety of popular tourist attractions such as the Kasepuhan Palace for cultural / historical tourism, the tomb of Sunan Gunung Djati for religious tourism, the Batik Trusmi tourist area for shopping tourism, and many restaurants that provide local food for culinary tourism. As such, Cirebon has a diverse image as a tourist destination. But efforts to measure the image of Cirebon as a tourist destination empirically have never been undertaken. This research was conducted to fill the lack of empirical studies on the image of Cirebon as a tourist destination. This study uses a qualitative approach to provide opportunities for respondents to freely express their opinions. Data collection was conducted via semi-structured interviews of 400 domestic tourists. Data were processed by listing the words and calculated the percentage of frequency of occurrence. The results show that Cirebon is perceived as a destination for historical tourism, culinary and batik shopping. The respondents were found to feel happy, comfortable and enthusiastic when traveling to Cirebon. The palace keraton, Sunyaragi cave and Batik Trusmi tourist areas are perceived as Cirebon’s unique destinations. Keywords destination image, qualitative approach, culinary tourism, historical tourism... Scholars suggest that tourist loyalty behaviour toward a tourism destination is an important factor in achieving a competitive advantage for a destination [3][4][5]. Several researchers have explored how tourists' experience affects their image and loyalty perceptions towards the destination. However, to date, researchers seem to be no conclusion in determining which method is the most suitable to predict tourist behaviour. ...The Indonesian creative tourism industry is currently flouring and competitive. In this competitive industry, the industry players’ capability to predict their tourist behaviour is imperative. However, research to examine method of predicting tourist behaviour in this industry is limited. This study is designed to assess the applicability of SEM compared to Multiple Regression to predict tourist behaviour. This study uses a survey of 403 tourists from tourism attractions in Bandung. The model of tourist loyalty behaviour was assessed and compared using software AMOS SEM and SPSS Multiple Regression. The results show that the model of tourist behaviour tested by using SEM has a sound Goodness of Fit Index. Further, the coefficient of determination of tourist behaviour in the SEM model is higher compared to that of multiple regression model. In addition, this study confirms the effect of experience quality on tourist behaviour. This study reveals that applying SEM has offered a better prediction on tourist behaviour compared to Multiple Regression. This finding improves the theoretical and managerial understanding on the application of SEM in tourism industry.... The importance of having customer loyalty and its determinant factors are discussed in studies [1,2]. From all factors that contribute to loyalty, the studies believe that quality of product or services is the building block of loyalty [3]. ...The online food delivery service industry has emerged as huge and prospective industry. In this competitive business environment, having and developing loyal customer are essential; yet, research to examine customer loyalty modelling in this industry is limited. This study is designed to assess the applicability of Partial Least Square Modelling to assess the customer loyalty toward online food delivery service. This study uses a survey of 405 online food service customers collected from greater Bandung region. The model, including four quality system predictors efficiency, fulfilment, availability, and privacy, was examined using SmartPLS software. The results show that the model of loyalty toward online food has an acceptable Goodness of Fit Index. Further, the R2 of the customer loyalty in the model is These results indicate that the method applied is suitable for modelling customer loyalty. This study offers an empirical evidence on the applicability of Partial Least Square to model the customer loyalty toward online food delivery service. This result extends the existing methodological and managerial practices to develop loyalty in the online food industry.... However, while more tourists can place significant demands on infrastructure and the natural environment, they may offer little benefit to local businesses. Such a mix, of high environmental impact and low economic impact, could be detrimental to the destination's image Dean, Suhartanto, & Kusdibyo, 2019;Februadi, Wibisono, & Purnamasari, 2019. Hence, destinations that rely on natural attractions, have begun to target high quality tourists over simply increasing tourist numbers. ...Tourism contributes to regional development and generates income for destinations. However, in many cases, the growth of tourist numbers does not necessarily result in an equivalent rise in economic contribution. The search for quality tourists over the quantity of tourists is certainly an important goal of regional development managers, but the efforts required to implement such an approach, especially the detailed documentation of tourist behavior while visiting the region, pose a challenge for most. This is perhaps why the analysis of quality vs quantity of tourists has been limited. This study focuses on the Great Ocean Road Region in Australia; an area that is experiencing increased visitor numbers but is not seeing commensurate economic growth. A fine-grained analysis of the international and domestic tourists is employed to determine behavior- based tourist quality, including the measurement of their traveling behavior, overnight visitation pattern, expenditure, and regional dispersal. Data was collected from 311 domestic tourists and 562 international tourists. Descriptive statistical methods were used in analyzing data. Results indicate that the domestic tourists were of a higher quality than the international tourists; they stayed longer, spent more, and were more widespread across the region than the international tourists. Hence, high- quality tourists can be a valuable resource and should be a priority for regional tourism development.... However, while more tourists can place significant demands on infrastructure and the natural environment, they may offer little benefit to local businesses. Such a mix, of high environmental impact and low economic impact, could be detrimental to the destination's image Dean, Suhartanto, & Kusdibyo, 2019;Februadi, Wibisono, & Purnamasari, 2019. Hence, destinations that rely on natural attractions, have begun to target high quality tourists over simply increasing tourist numbers. ...Tourism contributes to regional development and generates income for destinations. However, in many cases, the growth of tourist numbers does not necessarily result in an equivalent rise in economic contribution. The search for quality tourists over the quantity of tourists is certainly an important goal of regional development managers, but the efforts required to implement such an approach, especially the detailed documentation of tourist behavior while visiting the region, pose a challenge for most. This is perhaps why the analysis of quality vs quantity of tourists has been limited. This study focuses on the Great Ocean Road Region in Australia; an area that is experiencing increased visitor numbers but is not seeing commensurate economic growth. A fine-grained analysis of the international and domestic tourists is employed to determine behavior-based tourist quality, including the measurement of their traveling behavior, overnight visitation pattern, expenditure, and regional dispersal. Data was collected from 311 domestic tourists and 562 international tourists. Descriptive statistical methods were used in analyzing data. Results indicate that the domestic tourists were of a higher quality than the international tourists; they stayed longer, spent more, and were more widespread across the region than the international tourists. Hence, high-quality tourists can be a valuable resource and should be a priority for regional tourism studies encourage tourist destinations to consider dispersal and mobility as key strategic components of tourism planning and development. Essential aspects such as the visited destinations and the arrival as well as exit directions become a basis for formulating a tourism planning policy. However, research in examining this paradigm by using a spatial analysis is limited. Therefore, this paper introduces an analysis by using Geographic Information Systems GIS to create a visualization of tourist dispersal and mobility. This methodology was implemented in the Great Ocean Road Region, an iconic regional destination in Australia that is experiencing limited tourist dispersal. Results from 351 questionnaires were processed by GIS with a web-based application. The data were processed by using certain tools, including ArcGIS ESRI to create spatial data as well as PHP and JavaScript programming languages to visualize the results. The results show that there is a low geographical dispersal in the region because the hinterland area remains untapped while the coastal area receives abundant of tourists. It is aggravated by limited tourist mobility due to the same directions of tourists’ arrival and exit. With GIS technology, the visualization of this spatial analysis shows a possible tourism pressure that is worth noted by policymakers in the planning and development study was designed to obtain a collective mental picture of the United States as a travel destination among Chinese long-haul outbound travelers. In addition to identifying major features and components of the America travel brand, the authors also attempted to map the links and associations among various image components and sketch an associative network. Findings of this study revealed that overall, Chinese outbound tourists’ perceptions of America are highly urban, featuring advanced economic development, an open and democratic system, high technology, and big cities. Most American destinations and attractions Chinese tourists can think of are located on the East and West coasts. By analyzing the data from multiple perspectives and using various tools, the authors also hope to contribute some methodological insights on how to make sense of a large amount of categorical image study examines the linguistic structure of destination image using China as an example. The phrases the tourists use to describe China’s image follow the power-law distribution and exhibit the long tail pattern. The destination image is dominated by a few very popular phrases, but contains a large amount of phrases in small niches. Analysis on Google keyword search volumes shows that those phrases are likely to be the keywords tourists use when searching destination information online. In addition, the tourists who use those niche phrases are more likely to travel to China. Thus, Destination Marketing Organizations should promote the niche images as well as the commonly held images in their online marketing its Mediterranean location, Turkey has been unable to consistently achieve its tourism goals, as evidenced by fluctuating numbers in tourism earnings and a small share of the international tourism market. This discrepancy might be attributed to Turkey’s image in the minds of world travelers. The main purpose of this study was to examine the role of destination image and traveler perceptions along with other behavioral variables in destination choice decisions of potential travelers. A self-administered survey was used to collect data from 552 respondents response rate. The findings indicate that perceptions of Turkey’s overall appeal, its safe and hospitable environment, general mood and vacation atmosphere, travel experience, relaxing effect, local attractions and hospitality, authenticity of experience, social and personal communication channels, comfort/safety, and tourist facilitation are significant predictors of the likelihood of travel to Turkey. Some destination marketing strategies are study compares international pleasure travelers’ images of four Mediterranean destinations—Turkey, Egypt, Greece, and Italy—for both visitors and nonvisitors. The image construct was conceptualized as having three components cognitive, affective, and overall image. MANOVA analysis indicated that significant differences exist in all image components between the four destination countries. The findings revealed strengths and weaknesses of the four competing destinations and implications for positioning in the international pleasure market as well as product development and promotion strategy for the purpose of this study was to examine the dimensionality and usefulness of Hofstede's measure of values and Kahle's List of Values LOV in the context of parks and recreation. Parks and recreation areas around the world increasingly serve as international visitor attractions and play an important role in the international tourism industry. Since values presumably differ among members of different cultures and purportedly influence people's perceptions and behaviours, studying values among culturally diverse visitors is important if we are to understand their influence on parks and recreation perceptions and behaviour. In 2005–2006, visitors to Pokfulam Country Park near metropolitan Hong Kong were surveyed. Using a purposive on-site convenience sampling approach at sites known to be heavily used by visitors with diverse ethnic backgrounds, a sample of 253 Hong Kong residents, 153 Mainland Chinese Visitors and 233 Westerners including American, British, Australian, and European was obtained. Analyses showed that when employed in a park and recreation context, Hofstede's measure of values must be further refined to provide acceptable validity, reliability, and utility. On the other hand, Kahle's List of Values LOV was found to be a meaningful and useful measure of values in a park setting. Two dimensions of values, external and internal, were extracted from the original four-dimension model and were compared among groups. Discussion of the findings and research implications are image is among the most frequently measured constructs in empirical survey research. Academic tourism researchers tend to use multi-category scales, often referring to them as “Likert scales,” while industry typically uses “pick-any” measures. But which leads to results that are more valid? Findings from a large-scale experimental study show that a “forced-choice full binary” format where respondents have to tick “yes” and “no” for each destination-attribute combination performs better than both current preferred formats in academic and applied destination image and positioning studies in tourism have been limited to those dealing with the image's perceptual or cognitive component. This study examined the applicability of Russel and his colleagues' proposed affective space structure to large-scale environments tourism destination countries as well as its potential as a positioning structure to study affective images of tourism destinations. The multidimensional scaling analysis of 11 Mediterranean countries along with proposed affective space structure indicated that Russel and his colleagues' proposed affective space can also be applied to places that are not perceived directly. It also showed potential for studying the affective image positioning of tourism destinations. The article concludes with some theoretical and practical implications and future research areas regarding tourism destination the significance of perceived travel risk and destination image, relatively few studies address the effect of perceived travel risks on the formation of destination image, and the mediating role of destination image. This study draws new insights by examining 1 the effects of perceived risks on destination image, and 2 the mediating role of destination image between perceived risks and revisit intention of repeat tourists to a risky destination. With perceived risk and destination image being empirically distinctive constructs, findings revealed that perceived socio-psychological and financial risks influenced both cognitive and affective destination images. Perceived physical risk did not have a significant influence on destination image, although it directly affected revisit intention. Additionally, destination image significantly mediated the relationships between two risks, namely, perceived socio-psychological and financial risks, and revisit intention. Several managerial implications concerning the management of risk perceptions and the promotion of risky destinations are discussed in this generally assume that top-of-mind TOM brand associations represent a unique body of brand knowledge. However, this assumption has not been sufficiently tested and substantiated. This study investigates how unique TOM brand associations actually are and examines the differences between TOM and other spontaneous recalls by adopting quantitative measures from other disciplines, primarily biology. The empirical data are obtained via a large survey of past and potential Chinese outbound tourists regarding how they view the as a destination. The results indicate that TOM brand association information may effectively capture a large portion of overall brand knowledge. The theoretical and practical implications of these findings are events have many effects on host regions. Considering their influence on tourist behavior, image-related effects merit more attention. In spite of broad agreement among scholars regarding the influence of image on individual behavior, little empirical research has been conducted on this aspect. This study focuses on the influence of various dimensions of destination image on onsite experiences, of these on overall evaluation and behavioral intentions, and of the latter on behavioral intentions. The results show that the four dimensions of image have differential effects on these experiences, which in turn influence subsequent de l’image de destination de la Corée par la Coupe du Monde 2002. Les méga-événements ont beaucoup d’effets sur la région d’accueil. Étant donné leur influence sur le comportement des touristes, les effets liés à l’image méritent plus d’attention. Malgré l’accord général parmi les spécialistes en ce qui concerne l’influence de l’image sur le comportement individuel, peu de recherche empirique a été menée sur cet aspect. Cet article se concentre sur l’influence des diverses dimensions de l’image de destination sur les expériences sur le site, de celles-ci sur l’évaluation globale et de cette dernière sur les intentions de comportement. Les résultats montrent que les quatre dimensions de l’image ont des effets différentiels sur ces expériences, qui à leur tour influencent le comportement ultérieur. Seyhmus BalogluThis study develops and tests a model to examine the organization of informational, motivational, and mental constructs on visitation intention in a path analytic framework. The findings indicated that variety amount and type of information sources used and socio-psychological travel motivations determine travelers' perceptual/cognitive evaluations that, in turn, form their affection feelings about tourist destinations. A traveler's intent to visit, then, is determined by a combination of perceptual/cognitive and affective evaluations, information sources used, and travel motivations. However, destination image cognition and affect appeared to mediate the relationship between visitation intention and stimuli information sources and consumer factors socio-psychological travel motivations. Theoretical and practical implications of the study are discussed and future research areas are suggested to better understand travelers' destination selection BCRobert A. LuptonThis study identifies factors associated with and discriminating among destination adopters, inactives, and rejecters. The setting is the state of New Mexico. The empirical findings are based on a sample of more than 900 out-of-state residents. The approach demonstrates how destination image, destination experience, and demographic character istics combine to influence segment membership. Moreover, the results also indicate that adopters and inactives can be separated by their image of the destination and by demo graphic characteristics. Managerial implications are C. Fakeye John CromptonDestination image was conceptualized as evolvingfrom an organic image, through an induced image, to a complex image. These image phases were linked to the informative, persuasive, and reminding functions of promotion. Data were analyzed from a sample of 568 prospective, first-time, and repeat long-stay winter visitors to the lower Rio Grande Valley in Texas. These three subsamples were considered likely to be reasonably reflective of the three stages of image evolution. Significant differences on all five of the image factors which were derived were found between nonvisitors and the other two subsamples. Length of stay was found to significantly affect image on two of the five factors. Differences in image based on respondents' proximity to the Valley were revealed on only one of the five destination image has received much attention for about three decades. Studies of various aspects of destination images increased in volume during the 1990s. Echtner and Ritchie's 1991 review of destination image literature resulted in several suggestions in terms of both the conceptualization and operationalization of destination image. This study looks at the evolutionary nature of tourism destination image studies from both theoretical and operational perspectives. Necessary adjustments in the methodological rigor and the focus of inquiry for destination image research are offered using Echtner and Ritchie's review as a guide. A review of literature about destination image and other pertinent concepts indicated that several of Echtner and Ritchie's recommendations have been followed, whereas others have not. Also, several other important conceptualization- and methodology-related issues identified in the destination image literature are paper argues that recent developments in the theory of place image hold great potential for tourism marketers, but that their full value has yet to be realized. The article reviews some of the relevant theories of place image, and, in particular, it discusses the differences between what has been termed naive’ and re-evaluated’ images of places. It then demonstrates the value of using place image in market research to assist in the formulation of tourism policy. This is accomplished through a case study drawn from the seaside resort of Barry Island in South Wales, where destination managers included an evaluation of the resort's organic’ images in their market research to assist in shaping a new tourism strategy. The article concludes by arguing that the adoption of a more integrated approach to place marketing is a valuable exercise for any study addresses two gaps in the research on tourist revisit intention the impact of the pre-visit psychological factor of travel motivation and its relationship with destination image. Path analysis is adopted to examine the relationships among destination image, travel motivation, and revisit intention in a rural tourism context. A causal relationship is detected between three motivation dimensions, two image dimensions, and revisit intention. All three motivational constructs intellectual, escape, and belonging exert a significant influence on the cognitive dimension of image, whereas only the motivation construct of escape is significantly related to the affective dimension of image. A causal relationship is also identified between the affective dimension of image and revisit intention. Girish PrayagEmpirical studies have analyzed the relationship between destination image and other evaluative constructs such as perceived value and service quality. However, the role and influence of destination image on future behavioral intentions have been of lesser interest. Consequently, this article examines the relationship between destination image, satisfaction, and future behavioral intentions of visitors to the island of Mauritius. A theoretical model is tested on a sample of 705 international visitors using structural equations modeling. The results show that destination image has a direct and an indirect influence over future behavior. Satisfaction and overall image play a mediating role between destination image and future behavior. As a result, important theoretical and practical implications for destination image research and marketing are study measured Russia's destination image among US pleasure travelers by the means of a Web-based survey. The methodology proposed by Echtner and Ritchie [1993. The measurement of destination image An empirical assessment. Journal of Travel Research, 31Spring, 3–13] was enriched by using a combination of two software programs, CATPAC and WORDER, to analyze responses to open-ended questions about stereotypical holistic, affective, and uniqueness images and facilitate statistical comparisons of images between visitors and non-visitors to Russia. A favorability variable was operationalized on the textual data, and affective images of visitors and non-visitors to Russia were statistically compared. The study found that American travelers’ perceptions of Russia were often negative and there is a lack of awareness about Russia's destination features. Marketing implications for Russia's Federal Travel Agency based on the study results are Kee HuiTai Wai David WanThe present study seeks to examine the image of Singapore as a tourist destination. A sample of 131 tourists was collected at the Singapore Changi International Airport's two departure halls. In addition to answering a short Likert-scale questionnaire, respondents were asked to describe in their own words the unique aspects of the country. Comparisons of response differences in respect of gender, age groups, educational levels as well as countries of origin were also conducted. Significant perceptual differences were detected with respect to the last three categories. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley &Sons, J. MacKay FesenmaierThis study integrates theories from tourism destination choice, advertising, and landscape aesthetics to examine how content of promotional visuals affects destination image construction and interpretation. Three iterative phases of visual stimuli selection, focus groups, and a questionnaire were used. Results of the study indicated three landscape perception elements and four dimensions of image were projected by visuals. Analyses of covariance results supported landscape perception elements as significant predictors of image. Familiarity with the destination was significant across all image dimensions. Focus group results associated destination familiarity with affective evaluation of visuals and lack of familiarity with cognitive evaluation. Implications are discussed for image theory, marketing practice, and future visuel de la formation de l'image de la destination. Cette étude intègre les théories due choix de destination touristique, de la publicité et de l'esthétique du paysage pour examiner comment la publicité visuelle affecte la construction et l'interprétation de l'image touristique. On utilise trois étapes fréquentatives la sélection de stimuli visuels, les groupes de discussion et un sondage. L'étude identifie trois éléments de la perception du paysage et quatre dimensions de l'image. L'analyse des co-variants appuie l'importance de la perception du paysage et de la familiarité de la destination. Les groupes de discussion associaient la familiarité avec l'évaluation affective et la nouveauté avec l'évaluation cognitive. On discute les implications pour la théorie de l'image, le marketing et la recherche. Seyhmus BalogluMehmet MangalogluThis study emphasized the importance of travel intermediaries’ images for international travel destinations, and examined structured scale items and unstructured open-ended images of selected Mediterranean destinations Turkey, Egypt, Greece and Italy as perceived by US-based travel intermediaries. The results found significant differences in images of tour operators/travel agents promoting these destinations and those not promoting. The findings indicated that tour operators and travel agents promoting these destinations have differentiated images of the four destinations. The structured and unstructured images helped identify common and unique characteristics as well as strengths and weaknesses of the four tourist destination countries. The results provided important implications and directions for the governments and tourism authorities of Turkey, Egypt, Greece and Italy for developing a marketing strategy targeting distribution channel the significance of destination branding in both academia and industry, literature on its conceptual development is limited. The current study aims to develop and test a theoretical model of destination branding, which integrates the concepts of the branding and destination image. The study suggests unique image as a new component of destination brand associations. It is proposed that the overall image of the destination brand image is a mediator between its brand associations cognitive, affective, and unique image components and tourists’ future behaviors intentions to revisit and recommend. The results confirmed that overall image is influenced by three types of brand associations and is a critical mediator between brand associations and tourists’ future behaviors. In addition, unique image had the second largest impact on the overall image formation, following the cognitive purpose of this work is to enrich the body of knowledge on destination image by examining in depth the multi-dimensional nature of this concept, as well as analysing the relationship between psychological factors and perceived image of a tourist destination. The research was conducted with 807 tourists visiting a holiday destination. As hypothesized, results found that destination image is a multi-dimensional concept formed by cognitive and affective evaluations of a place. In addition, results provide support for the influence of psychological factors, motivations and cultural values, on image that individuals have of a tourist destination before visiting it. Finally, several managerial implications concerning the promotion and positioning of tourist destinations are outlined in this aim of this paper is to develop and empirically validate a model which explains the different factors which form the post-visit image of a destination. Based on a literature review, this will involve analyzing the relationship between the different components of the perceived image and the factors which influence its formation. These include both sources of information primary and secondary and stimuli influencing the forming of perceptions and evaluations of destinations pre- and post-visit, respectively, and motivation, accumulated touristic experiences and sociodemographic facteurs qui influencent l’image des destinations. Le propos de cet article est de développer et de valider empiriquement un modèle qui explique les différents facteurs qui forment l’image d’une destination après la visite. En se basant sur un bilan de la litérature, on analyse la relation entre les différents éléments de l’image perçue et les facteurs qui influencent sa formation. Ces facteurs comprennent les sources d’information de nature primaire ou secondaire et les impulsions qui influencent la formation des perceptions et d≐s évaluations des destinations avant et après la visite, respectivement, et les caractéristiques sociodémographiques et celles de la motivation et des experiences touristiques accumulées. Steven PikeThe analysis of destination image is relatively recent. However, in almost three decades since the first studies emerged, the topic has become one of the most popular in the tourism research literature. A review of 142 destination image papers, published in the literature during the period 1973–2000, was undertaken to provide destination image researchers with a reference guide to the context, method and focus of previous Choi Andrew ChanJanice WuThe present study uses a combination of qualitative and quantitative approaches as developed by Echtner and Ritchie 1991, Journal of Tourism Studies 22, 2–12, to investigate the image of Hong Kong. A sample of 142 tourists were collected at the Kai Tak Airport departure hall in April 1996. In addition to a set of pre-developed statements, respondents were asked to describe the unique aspects of Hong Kong, in their own words. The findings indicated that Hong Kong was considered as a shopping paradise’ by most respondents. Its weakness, however, was the crowded, busy and stressful urban environment. Among other attractions, the Peak and the Star Ferry were considered as the landmarks of Hong Kong. Seyhmus BalogluCurtis LoveAssociation meeting planners get actively involved in site selection process and influence association decision-makers in terms of determining the consideration set of convention sites as well as the selection of final sites. This study assesses and compares association meeting planners' structured cognitive, affective, and global impression and unstructured open-response elicitation perceptions as well as behavioral intentions for five major US convention cities Las Vegas, Chicago, Dallas, Atlanta, and Orlando. The study found that association meeting planners have differentiated images and intentions for the convention cities. The identified strengths and weaknesses, coupled with qualitative evaluations and importance of perceptual dimensions, provide important implications for the convention cities in terms target marketing, positioning, and communication citra Bandung sebagai destinasi wisata belanjaT N AgustianiAgustiani, T. N. 2017. Analisis citra Bandung sebagai destinasi wisata belanja. Bachelor, Politeknik Negeri Bandung, Malaysia Antusias ke Pasar Baru dan Cihampelas, Pikiran RakyatA EfendiEfendi, A. 2017, 27 Maret 2017. Turis Malaysia Antusias ke Pasar Baru dan Cihampelas, Pikiran Rakyat. Retrieved from image kota Bandung. Paper presented at the Indutrial Research Workshop and National SeminarR KhoirianaT NurlambangKhoiriana, R., & Nurlambang, T. 2017. Brand image kota Bandung. Paper presented at the Indutrial Research Workshop and National Seminar, MardianaMardiana, D. Producer. 2018, 8 April 2018. 99 Tempat Wisata Baru di Bandung 100% Terbaru, Murah & Gratis 2018. Tempat Wisata di Bandung. Retrieved from menuju kota ekonomi kreatifD A SalimSalim, D. A. 2014. Bandung menuju kota ekonomi kreatif. Retrieved 8 April 2018 destination image kota Bandung sebagai daerah tujuan wisata terhadap post-visit behaviour wisatawanW SucianiSuciani, W. 2014. Pengaruh destination image kota Bandung sebagai daerah tujuan wisata terhadap post-visit behaviour wisatawan. Bachelor, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, Ditetapkan Sebagai Destinasi Wisata Kuliner Indonesia, Pikiran RakyatS WidiantoWidianto, S. 2015, 23 November 2015. Bandung Ditetapkan Sebagai Destinasi Wisata Kuliner Indonesia, Pikiran Rakyat. Retrieved from